Existentialism in Catcher in the Rye Essays -- Catcher Rye Essays

Existentialism in Catcher in the Rye         The Catcher in the Rye creates an existentialist out of Holden Caulfield by giving him a strong personal opinion, a different sense of view, and isolation.  Holdens one-on-oneity and his different way of thinking creates within him an Existentialist that refuses to accept impuissance but holds sympathy for the weak and vulnerable.  The basis for these beliefs lies within the most commonly identifiable theme of existentialism, which states that the philosophy stresses the concrete individual existence along with the individual freedom and choice.  It also stands on the idea of moral individualism, in which one must choose his own way without the aid of universal, objective standards.  His views also concord with those of many famous people who have shared the same ideas, including Pascal, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. The Catcher in the Rye demonstrates existentialism by having the main charac ter, Holden Caulfield, isolate himself from a domain full of p...

Ethics of Cookies Essay -- Technology Computers Internet Essays

Ethics of cookies ethic 1 plural form but singular or plural in construction the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation 2 a a set of moral principles or determine b a theory or system of moral values <the present-day materialistic ethic c plural but singular or plural in construction the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group <professional ethics d a guiding philosophy HTTP cookie <World-Wide Web A packet of information sent by an HTTP server to a World-Wide Web browser and then sent back by the browser each time it accesses that server. Cookies can contain any arbitrary information the server chooses and are use to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions. Typically this is used to authenticate or identify a registered user of a web rate without requiring them to sign in again every time they access that site. opposite uses are, e.g. maintaining a shopping basket of goods you have select ed to purchase during a session at a site, site personalisation (presenting different pages to different users), tracking a situation users access to a site. This day and age, it is undisputed that computers are one of the greatest tools for a person to have, and a not having a connection to the internet is a dreadful thought for others. The programs that are used by internet servers are a technology that advance so quickly, that it is difficult for a user to get laid with what he or she is exactly interacting. For example, if a user were to be browsing through a web site to buy a product, the web site (the server) could build a cookie for the user. The information that a cookie collects is claimed to be harmless by the w... ...may be one answer to this fear of privacy tribute but, ultimately it is the responsibility of the internet users and servers to stay informed of the many different risks of the internet. Bibliography Glassberg, Richy. Dont Fear the Cookie Mon ster. Mediaweek. 2 Oct. 2000 IQ38. Santa Clara University Expanded Academic Index. The Gale Group. 15 Nov. 2000. <http//w.../purl=rcl_EAIM_0_A66014940&dyn=5xrn_4_0_A66014940?sw_aep=scuweb_cn How Web Servers Cookies Threaten Your Privacy. Junk Busters. 14 Nov. 2000 <http//www.junkbusters.com/ht/en/cookies.html Lawler, Barbera. Hot button online privacy. Silicon Valley News. 5 Nov. 2000. San Jose Mercury News. 15 Nov 2000 <http//www.mercuryce...news/viewpoints/docs/Soapbox05.htm Persistent Cookie FAQ. Cookie Central. 14 Nov 2000. <http//www.cookiecentral.com/faq.htm

The First Job :: essays research papers

The First DayOn June 1, 2003 my thinking on life, changed a little bit. It happened to be a Sunday that I didnt think I would be going to bed at 230 P.M. in order to go to work. I got under the cover of my bed and I was turn up like a light. Once I got into a very deep sleep it was hard to attract out of it. I heard my alarm go off, and I didnt want to get up, but I got up and started to get dressed. I went out in the kitchen and got something to eat and then packed my lunch for the night.On the way to Van Wert, I was getting very intense. I started to get nervous about(predicate) what I would be doing and who I would be working with. The closer I got to the factory the more nervous I got. Once I pulled into the parking slew and was shutting my car off, I realized that this isnt a place I would like to work at all of my life.Then I was paseo into the factory and got clocked in and realized what I was in for. The presses were pounding away on the big coils of steel the air had a humid musty expression that was going to get to me over time. I went into the break room and put my lunch box in the refrigerator. I walked nervously to meet my foreman and he gave me something to do. I was running a 400 degree rubber injection press the archetypal part of the night.At about 200 A.M. the bell rang for the first break. I was happy to here that because I needed a break to get something to drink. I sat down in the break room and eliminate was still running down my face. As I was starring up at the TV I thought to myself, this is going to be a farsighted summer. After the ten minute break was over, I walked back out to the press I was running and put on my soaked sleeves and gloves. When I was getting ready to start my press up my foreman came over to me and told me to come with him. All the while I was thinking in my head where is he taking me? What am I going to be doing now?

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: essays research papers

Sir Gawain and the Green ennobleIn part four of this write up the theme that is advanced is chivalry, honor and human weakness. As Gawain goes to meet the Green Knight we get the feeling of dread by the authors description of the weather outside. It is piercingly cold and snowing. The wind is whipping around Gawain as he travels (115). The extreme weather reminds us that Gawain is going to face something just as ominous. As Gawain dresses for his clash he binds his love token ( the green girdle) twice around his middle. He is somber as he prepares for his impending death. His sense of honor is what binds him to this meeting that forget certainly be his death, so he thinks (117). Gawain is steadfast in his desire to fulfill his promise to meet the Green Knight.The guide pleads to Gawain that he will sure as shooting be killed if he continues on his mission and he tells Gawain to just leave and ride off in some other country rather than be killed (121). Gawain reaveals to us, ye t again, his chivalry when he says that he would face his destiny rather than be a disgrace (121). When Gawain finally reaches the chapel of the Green Knight he is met with a roar. The Green Knight proceeds to play games with Gawain in an attempt to test his bravery and chivalry (127-128). The fact that Gawain did not retreat and run after(prenominal) several attempts were faked reveals how honorable Gawain was. It is not until the Green Knight actually takes a blow at Sir Gawains neck that we see that the green girdle worked its magic. scarce to Gawains dismay is it revealed to him by the Green Knight that it was all a test set up to show if Gawain was truly an brave an honorable Knight (133). Gawain is devastated by his weakness and lack of honor and cowardice revealed by his hiding the green girdle from the master. He begins to repent and chastise himself for his failings. This reveals his human weakness that is in all of us. He is very humbled by his behavior (133).

The Life And Times Of James Joyce :: essays research papers

Life and Times of James JoyceJames Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, whose psychological views opened up a whole upstart World to twentieth century writers. He is still known as one of the most influential writers not only in Ireland, but each throughout Ireland. Joyce was born in Dublin on February 2, 1882, into the care of his mother and father, both poverty-stricken. He attended only Jesuit-run schools, first the boarding school, Clongowes, then the solar day school, Belvedere, and finally the Royal University, which was better known as the University College (Litz 8). While he attended Belvedere he enjoyed writing essays, and won several awards for his phenomenal testing scores. Even as a young man, Joyce was destined to be well known and famous for the rest of his life. But by the end of his university years he had rejected Catholicism in favor of literature (Litz 8). His love for writing just had to come first before anything else. later his years in the university he began experimenting with prostitutes and alcohol, and spent large amounts of money, which he claimed was to study medicine, but instead wasted it on sick pleasures in Paris. He returned shortly from Paris when his mother was diagnosed with cancer. (Litz 15). After his mother died, family life became even tougher for Joyce, he began to drink heavily. He made a little money reviewing books, teaching school, and singing.In February of 1904 he started writing a long fiction autobiography called Stephen Hero, which he could never find the time to finish or even begin again (Litz 8). In June 1904 he met Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid whose down-to-earth attitude welcomed him more so than any of the girls he met at the university did. They ran off to Europe together in October 1904. James and Nora ended up in Trieste and Pola, Austria, where they spoke Italian, and were desperately poor, so poverty-stricken that his brother, brother Stanislaus ended up paying a lot of their bills (Litz 8). I n 1909 and 1912, James visited Ireland, first try to arrange publication of Dubliners. Between 1914 and 1920, Joyces fortunes gradually improved as his writing gained attention and the wealthier readers began to turn their heads in his direction. But his big break which is an irony is when the censor of Ulysses (published 1922) occurred, and turned Joyce into a household name (Chace 25).

Racism and Discrimination in Sports Essay -- Race Racism Athletics Ess

Introduction Dealing with the issue of turn and ethnology, three major factors come to judgment prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, heathenish, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.Racism?A definition of unravel might rely on an outward manifestation such as color or some other physiological sign. Race and ethnicity (and to some stratum nationality) also imply a shared socio-cultural heritage and belief system. Fin aloney, race and ethnicity harbor a physiological self-identification. Indeed, this factor is perhaps the most important in defining the identity of an ?ethnic? or ?racial? individual. It implies a conscious desire on the part of a person to belong to an aggregate of people, which possesses bizarre cultu ral characteristics, rituals and manners and a unique value system.North America is, and always has been, an ethnic ally diverse society. Yet this cultural diversity along religious, ethnic and national lines had been tolerated only in a limited degree, end even only on the dominant Anglo-Saxon elite?s terms.? (Eisen and Wiggins, 1994, p. xii). History books repeatedly show this in their pages. A person can not pick up a history book and read through the pages with out decision something on how a particular athlete or group of athletes were persecuted because of their race. Part of the American dream that is taught to our youth of is freedom, equality and the ability to give way ahead in life if a person is motivated to do so. It is unfortunate that this isn?t the case that is unless the person fits into the right sociological group.For instance, ?The American Dream of unlimited possibilities was tattered for black athletes. By 1900 most of them had successfully been excluded from American sport and were forced to establish their own separate sporting organizations. The most famous of these were the black baseball game leagues, a loose aggregate of teams that did not achieve much organizational structure until Rube Foster founded the National Negro Baseball League in 1920. Late nineteenth-century black athletes were often disturbed by their inability to be classified by an... ...ng treated equal.ConclusionThe concept of a perfect homo where race, color, religion, political stance, and gender are all equal is a good goal to strive for. Singling out individuals or groups based on any of those characteristics is wrong. We all have room to grow, and can make a better effort to be open-minded. Sports would be a perfect place to let down the barriers. in that respect is bias in sport today. There is racism and discrimination. Only by a conscious effort can anything be done to help move past our present state. Racism and discrimination should not be in sports, because all humans are of the same species regardless of color or origin. We all bleed and we can all die, therefore, we should all be equal.ReferencesEisen, George, and Wiggins, David K. (1994). Ethnicity and Sport in North American History and Culture. Westport, CT Greenwood Press.Du Bois, W.E.B, (1961). The Souls of Black Folk. New York Fawcett.MacClancy, Jeremy, (1996). Sports, Identity and Ethnicity. get together Kingdom Oxford International Publishers.Hoffman, Frank W., PHD, and Bailey, William G., MA, (1991). Sports & Recreation Fads. New York The Haworth Press.

Accounting Management Technique for Google Essay

Google, Inc. has been one of the fastest growing and profitable companies in the world. Since its inception in 1998, it has revolutionized the way the world uses the Internet. though Google has its hands in many different projects, the classification of industry under which Google falls is simply the Internet search process. Initially, Google strived to be the perfect search locomotive engine (About google, n.d.). Today, they have evolved to become that and more, with application developments that are user-friendly, their form of electronic mail, and their streamlined and sleek method of helping other businesses reach their target markets with simple advertisements. Google is celebrated for their exemplary customer service and providing one of the top-sought-after workplaces in the world (Smith, 2011).With simple guidelines for their practices, Google is the industry leader in user-friendly web applications. Their ten keystones for their business are all customer-focused and are a imed at being the best and fastest. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) would be the best management technique for Google to implement. Though Google is in business to start out money, there are a lot of soft features associated with Google that go unaccounted for in every other management technique. Since Google is so human-dependent from the creator of the application to the end-user, it follows naturally that a management technique like the BSC would be most effective.See more Foot Binding In China essayThe financial performance should be considered, but the non-financial information like customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of the internal processes and the learning and growth portions of the BSC are most applicable to the operations at Google. Googles fate and financial success rest heavily on their human resources. The employees they choose to hire have to be top-notch to keep Google at the top of their game. Google depends on their employees to provide superior custo mer service, to work in ways that are most efficient, and to keep on the edge of the needs of the people so that they set up develop new ways to serve them. Being able to manage these non-financial factors effectively determines the fate of Google.ReferencesAbout google. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.google.com/about/ Blocher, E., Stout, D., & Cokins, G. (2010). Cost management a strategical emphasis. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Smith, J. (2011, December 15). The best companies to work for. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2011/12/15/the-best- companies-to-work-for/

Assess the usefulness of Marxist approach to an understanding of crime and deviance’ Essay

There atomic number 18 numerous Marxist theories that help us to take in offensive activity and deviance in contrasting ways, however they are whole based around the same ideas. They believe capitalism causes criminal offense in three different ways including, selective right enforcement, criminogenic capitalism and ideological record of the law. Traditional Marxists believe that crime is inevitable in all societies because capitalism is criminogenic suggesting that it is societies very nature that causes crime. According to conventional Marxists nine causes capitalism in different ways. One of which is due to poverty. The lack of kind mobility means that people find it difficult to move up the companionable ramifyes. And therefore those in poverty that arousenot save necessities such as food result in utilitarian crimes (crimes with a purpose) for example theft In order to survive. Another way that capitalism causes crime is due to capitalism advertising ingathering s encouraging the false need and desire for consumer goods. A false need makes an individual believe that they need a product when in reality they dont, for example cars, phones etc.They can achieve this through the media for example TV advertisements and billboards, because people believe this is what they need if they cannot afford it lawfully then they may turn to crime. Thirdly capitalism can cause crime through alienation (individuals feeling isolated from the rest of society) as a lack of control of their lives may lead to crimes of violence and other non utilitarian crimes without a purpose for example domestic violence etc. This could occur whereby a partner feels frustrated with his social position and therefore takes it out on members of the family etc. Finally capitalism encourages a dog-eat-dog world therefore regardless of social programme people always want more(prenominal) than.This leads to crimes from all different classes. The wealthinessy commit crimes such a s fraud and tax invasion, statistics just dont show this as much. David Gordon 1976 explained this as he said crime is a rational response to the capitalist system and is found in all social classes, even though statistics make it look as though it is concentrated amongst the running(a) class. Here David Gordon is explaining that crime is just a response to the way society is run, that it is the capitalist structure of society that creates these crimes, and that even though statistics represent more working class as the criminals, in reality all classes are wrong of crime.Traditional Marxists also proposed the theory that law making and law enforcement can have an effect on crime in society as law making and enforcement serves the interests of the capitalist class. The ruling class have the post to change laws, prevent laws and enforce laws. An example of when we have seen how quickly laws can be obligate by the ruling class was during the summer riots in 2011 when laws were qu ickly passed through parliament to give police powers to force individuals to remove headwear.This shows that it is the ruling class that have power and therefore laws are based on the ruling class see to its not considering the working class opinions. As well as this Marxists also implore that certain types of crime are likely to be dealt with more rigorously than others. For example street crimes such as assault and theft are more likely to be pursued by the police than white collar crimes such as fraud.The English government have only made almost attempts to deal with white collar crimes however the USA targets the offence more seriously. As well as this certain groups are more likely to be on the receiving end of law enforcement. For example in inner city areas the police patrol more therefore working class are more likely to get caught because working class are more likely to live in the city. David Gordon argues that the selective enforcement of the law benefits capitalism in three chief(prenominal) ways. By punishing the working class which protects the capitalist system which is responsible for the crime.As well as defining individuals as social failures directing the damn away from the system. And thirdly defining criminals as animals and sick for example, justifying putting them in prison. Keeping these individuals out of the public eye allows us to forget why the crime occurred needed to help us solve the problems. Traditional Marxists also explore the ideological nature of the law this function is valuable in allowing the ruling class to maintain their position of wealth. This process is what Althusser named the ideological state apparatus. This includes the school and the variety of forms of media, and it is through these that the ruling class is able to socialise individuals into accepting ruling class ideology.ISAs are responsible for promoting ruling class values of self interest and competition and as a result create a society in which ba sic values support the capitalist political and scotch system. Marxists also believe that crime and the law can perform an ideological function by essentially brain washing individuals. For example some laws may appear to benefit the working class for example the health and safety laws at work, but these, according to a Marxist FrankPearce are only there to benefit the capitalists by ensuring a fit and healthy work force. In addition to this by prosecuting a large proportion of the working class it makes it look like the capitalists are caring for its citizens, it also helps divide the working class so more blame each other for crime rather than capitalism.There are many positives and negatives of traditional Marxist theory in component us to understand crime and deviance. A large strength is that the theory successfully explains how crime cuts across all social class lines, as it shows evidence of all classes committing crimes. thereof it is a macro-theory and can be applied t o the whole of society making it generalisable. Another strength is that there is a lot of evidence to show the figurehead of law enforcement, for example it was illustrated through news showing law making over night during the summer riots. However weaknesses of the theory include the fact that the Marxism view underestimates the free will of a criminal by blaming the system, it is too deterministic by over predicting the amount of crime present especially in the working class. Not all those in poverty are committing crime and would never turn to committing crime.Marxism does not explore this factor efficiently. Another weakness is that it largely ignores the descent between crime and great non class based inequalities for example gender and ethnicity. Neo-Marxists who are considered new Marxists support some traditional Marxists views however some views convert and It is important to explore these different views in order to understand crime and deviance. Neo Marxists focus on ideology. So where by traditional Marxist Althusser believed in brain washing. A Neo-Marxist Antonio Gramsi came along and put forward the ideas that people do realise theyre being exploited. He presented us with the term relative impropriety of the state (self power and self control) and put forward the ideas that people do realise theyre being exploited.Another New-Marxist theorist Taylor et all challenged the Marxist theory by stating that workers are not driven to crime through economic necessity. They believe that this theory was too deterministic and doesnt question an individuals free will. They also go against the interactionist theory and state that young males do not commit crime because they have been labelled. As well as gainsay the sub cultural theory by arguing that young males do not commit crime because they are part of a subculture. Instead Taylor suggested his take in theory as to why people are lead to committing crimes. He states that people commit crime ofte n because they are angry at capitalism.They press out their anger through crime rather than politics. This suggests that individuals are committing crimes on the basis of being frustrated with the structure of society that they live in and express this foiling through committing crimes, maybe because they dont feel they will ever be heard through politics etc due to the ruling class having power? Taylor put forward the new criminology theory a fully social theory of deviance. This includes six main parts. Firstly, the wider origins of the abnormal crime. This is in the unequal distribution of wealth and power in capitalist society. A strength of this is that it doesnt look at a micro situation, it looks at the whole of society.Secondly, the immediate origins of the deviant crime, this is the item context in which the individual decides to commit the act. For example in the summer riots people looting due to the immediate origins being anger due to recession, cuts in public benef its of society being closed down for example youth clubs and libraries. Thirdly the act itself and its meaning for the individual e.g. rebellion against capitalism. Fourthly, the immediate origins of social reaction, so the reactions of those around the deviant, for example the police and the family and their reactions to discovering deviance. Next are the wider origins of social reaction in the structure of capitalist society, questioning who has the power to define actions as deviant?And lastly the effects of labelling on the deviants future actions, for example getting a job. A strength of the Neo-Marxism theory is that critical criminology has forced sociologists to look at the wider social, economic and political factors and it has offered a new approach to how crime is shaped by the individuals actions inwardly an unfair criminal justice system. However a weakness of the theory is that it is too general to explain crime and to idealistic to be useful in tackling crime. There are numerous similarities and differences between traditional Marxists and neo-Marxists which are useful in helping us to understand crime and deviance. Similarities include the fact they see capitalist society based on inequalities between the social classes and this is a key to understanding crime.They both agree that the state makes laws and enforce laws in the interests of the capitalist class which is important when considering how classes are represented within decisions of the law and how these decisions can have a different effect on both classes. And they both believe that to prevent crime capitalism should be replaced by a classless society.However differences between the theories are that neo-Marxists believe that criminals are not passive puppets whos behaviour is shaped by capitalism this is important in assessing how valuable the Marxist theory is as it puts forward the idea that although a criminogenic capitalist society does effect crime and deviance there are other factors as well. Another difference is that Neo-Marxists use interactionist ideas to see how the behaviour of the victim, offender, media and criminal justice system all interact to influence how the situation developed. so this too exploring other possibilities as to why the crime was commit.Overall the Marxist theory as whole is valuable in explaining why crime is committed as it looks at the problems in society as to why individuals within our society commit crime. It explores how the very nature of our society can cause these crimes by looking at all different perspectives for example through the criminal justice system, poverty, media and advertising etc. It also has explanations for both utilitarian and non utilitarian crimes and can be applied to the whole of society as it also explores white collar crime and not just crimes committed by the working class. therefrom the fact that it is a macro-theory makes it very useful as it is easily generalised. Overall the theory as a whole is very strong in helping our understanding as why crime exists.

Ici Pakistan

Title ICI Pakistan Ltd. (ICI) Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review Price $125. 00 Provider GlobalData Date 04 Jan 2013 Pages 34 Type AcrobatPDF Companies referenced ICI. KA usable for Immediate Download Summary ICI Pakistan Ltd. (ICI) Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review Summary ICI Pakistan Limited (ICI) manufactures and markets industrial and consumer products. The companys products include polyester fibres, pop music ash, petrochemicals, adhesives, acrylic p expireics, explosives, water treatment additives, canola, corn seed, sunflower, fodder, vaccines, antibiotic, antiprotozoals and anthelmintics.ICIs products find applications in various markets such as textiles, decorative, refinish, automotive and industrial. This comprehensive SWOT profile of ICI Pakistan Ltd. provides you an in-depth strategic SWOT analysis of the companys jobes and operations. The profile has been compiled by GlobalData to bring to you a clear and an unbiased view of the companys key s trengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities and threats. The profile jockstraps you formulate strategies that augment your backing by enabling you to understand your partners, customers and competitors better.The profile contains critical company information including Business description A detailed description of the companys operations and business divisions. corporal strategy Analysts summarization of the companys business strategy. SWOT Analysis A detailed analysis of the companys strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Company history Progression of key events associated with the company. Major products and services A list of major products, services and brands of the company. Key competitors A list of key competitors to the company. Key employees A list of the key executives of the company. Executive biographies A brief unofficial of the executives employment history. Key operational heads A list of personnel heading key departments/fun ctions. Important locations and subsidiaries A list and contact details of key locations and subsidiaries of the company. elaborate financial ratios for the past five years The latest financial ratios derived from the annual financial statements published by the company with 5 years history. Interim ratios for the last five interim periods The latest financial ratios derived from the quarterly/semi-annual financial statements published by the company for 5 interims history.Note Some sections may be missing if selective information is unavailable for the company. Key benefits of buying this profile include You get detailed information about the company and its operations to identify potential customers and suppliers. The profile analyzes the companys business structure, operations, major products and services, prospects, locations and subsidiaries, key executives and their biographies and key competitors. Understand and respond to your competitors business structure and strate gies, and capitalize on their weaknesses. Stay up to date on the major developments bear on the company. The companys core strengths and weaknesses and areas of development or decline are analyzed and presented in the profile objectively. Recent developments in the company covered in the profile help you track important events. Equip yourself with information that enables you to sharpen your strategies and transform your operations profitably. Opportunities that the company can explore and exploit are sized up and its egression potential assessed in the profile. Competitive and/or technological threats are highlighted. Scout for potential investments and acquisition targets, with detailed ins

Obama Care The Federal Legacy Health And Social Care Essay

The historical development of responsibleness wellness vigilance policies and their development to establishments of the present twenty-four hours has created an environment where the support of province wellness caution and its reform has been a focal point of citizens and governmental entities likewise. Recent province policy research and media focus frequently list the immense cost fill up that states face to handle many of their uninsured citizens including the indigent and low-income persons, peculiarly those with important chronic medical conditions and viz. dialysis patients. safety Net, or Dispro piece of groundate Share, Hospitals ( 1980s to 2009 ) in advance 1981, Medicaid paid infirmaries with unreimbursed perplexity based on sensible costs. The dispro componentately high costs of infirmary attention 1 caused Congress to acknowledge Disproportionate Share Hospitals ( DSH ) in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ( OBRA ) of 1981. DSHs are defined as those that se rve preponderantly low-income patients, and as such, are public infirmaries that are entitled to national official aid. These DSH, or Safety Internet infirmaries, supply a broad assortment of attention. In 1987, the so Health Care Financing Administration 2 ( HFCA ) released a plenty that reviewed province DSH plans. As a consequence, Congress required provinces make payments to acknowledge DSH public infirmaries.In 1990, province discretion was increased in footings of their DSH plan designs. distinct classs were allowed, just now this increased DSH disbursement. By 1992, DSH disbursement cost $ 17.4 billion. As a consequence, Congress passed the Medicaid Voluntary Contribution and Provider-Specific Tax Amendments Act of 1991 to restrict funding of the non-federal portion and limited national sum DSH disbursement to 12 % of entire Medicaid disbursement. Further efforts to restrict DSH disbursement occurred in 1993, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, which cut Medicare DSH p ayments by 8.6 % , and in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. In 2003, the Medicaid DSH Program funded 23 % of unreimbursed attention in the United States 3 . Projections indicate that $ 11.3 billion of the excrescence $ 216 billion the federal authorities will pass on Medicaid in financial twelvemonth ( FY ) 2009 will be for DSH payments. This includes financess from ObamaCare ( Peters, Christie Provost, 2009 ) .Recent Attempts at Health Care ReformIn 1994, death chair Clinton attempted to go through the American Health Security Act without success. Harmonizing to one article,Business and insurance groups by and large opposed the reform bundle, season labour and the AARP supported Clinton s measure. However, Clinton s program was so comprehensive and complicated in the ways it might impact the dynamic wellness attention industry that some organisations changed sides during the legislative conflict and others splintered into opposing cabals ( Lowery, et al. , 2005 ) .In 1997, the Children s Health Insurance Act ( CHIP ) plan was enacted. This plan provides insurance insurance insurance coverage for kids of low- to moderate-income places without private insurance. The plan is provided at both the federal and province ( SCHIP ) degrees as province legislative assemblies addressed wellness issues during the same clip. The legislative docket include prescription drug coverage, ordinance of managed attention, and cosmopolitan coverage, with different results than at the national degree ( IBID ) . The 50 provinces passed over 900 different Torahs modulating managed attention, between 1995 and 2001 as inform by the NCSL 4 . Health attention comprises a big part of province budgets multiple groups anteroom for Medicaid, SCHIP, public employees wellness insurance, and other wellness attention support. In 2003, President Bush expanded Medicare to include prescription drug coverage 5 . mom Health Care ReformIn 2006, Massach usetts enacted wellness attention reforms, which were frequently touted by advocates of ObamaCare. The Massachusetts carrot and stick attack of single authorizations, coupled with a province tally insurance exchange, enables the uninsured to buy take-away insurance at regulated/ feedable rates. As of 2010, 97 % of Massachusetts occupants have wellness insurance ( see Appendix 6 Percentage of Massachusetts Residents without Health Insurance ) , with greater Numberss of employers offering wellness insurance than the national norm 6 . MassHealth, is the agencies by which the province provides comprehensive medical coverage, with eligibility standards for up to 300 % of the federal poorness degree ( FPL ) 7 for low-income occupants and persons with disablements. Harmonizing to the Governor s FY2011 budget, $ 9.84 billion is included for MassHealth Medicaid plans, an addition of 6.5 % from FY2010 ( see Appendix 7 MassHealth Average Enrollment ) . For those occupants who can non af ford wellness insurance, Commonwealth Care provides wellness insurance for persons up to 300 % of the FPL with a secure subsidy for those under 100 % of the FPL through a to the full capitated insurance theoretical account 8 . As of FY2010, over 150,000 occupants were enrolled, with a FY2011 budget of $ 838 one thousand million that includes a jutting 20,000 member enrollment addition. MassCare includes a $ 40 million Commonwealth Care Bridge for legal immigrants populating in the United States under five old ages.Massachusetts reform attempts ( Massachusetts Act, Chapter 58 of the Acts of 2006 ) have been both a success and a failure. Evidence of success reveal that in 2008, 96 % of occupants were estimated to hold wellness insurance. There were additions in insurance coverage reported across every population and conformity with the single authorization is high, with about 1 % of grownups assessed a punishment for disobedience ( Long, 2010 ) . Evidence of failure indicates the undermentioned ( Samuelson, 2010 ) the province subsidizes insurance for people with incomes up to 300 % the federal poorness line ( FPL ) the easy portion spread outing state-subsidized insurance coverage succeeded the difficult portion controlling costs and guaranting that passing improves people s wellness failed. Emergency suites are still as crowded, and that take place wage is being squeezed because of the coverage costs. Additionally, costs have shifted authorities precedences from public safety, instruction, substructure, and lower revenue enhancements to wellness attention as the province budget went from 22 % for wellness attention to 35 % , of which 90 % of that is Medicaid.MassCare besides provides a Health Care Finance and Policy Division Health Safety Net ( HSN ) , once known as the uncompensated Care Pool. HSN reimburses infirmaries and other Safety Net medical suppliers for low-income patients who are uninsured or underinsured. The payments for Safety Net sup pliers decreased from 2007 to 2009 ( Appendix 8 Health Safety Net Payments Compared to Hospital Payments ) due to expanded wellness insurance coverage for occupants 9 . This lessening in Safety Net reimbursements may be a positive index for cost recovery at UMC. As patients obtain insurance, UMC may be able to better measure the insurance suppliers for attention provided, but it is excessively shortly to state if this will be a factor as patients may choose to pay the punishment of being uninsured quite than pay the higher premiums for wellness insurance.Round 2 of Massachusetts Health Reform attempted to turn to cost containment, but cost nest orchis obtained by Massachusetts wellness attention reform are overshadowed by growing in wellness attention outgos ( see Appendix 9 harvest-festival in Health Spending in MA Expected to Surpass Other Economic Indicators Index of Health Expenditures Per Capita and Other Indexs in MA, 1991-2020 ) . Cost containment attempts exceed the pr ovince s attempts to fit grosss to outgos. Harmonizing to the Governor s FY2011 budget, Experts believe that about 30 % of today s wellness attention disbursement produces no expediency to patientsawe pass a significant sum of money per twelvemonth on preventable and unneeded exigency room visits, hospitalizations and readmissions, while the United States has the doubtful specialty of taking the universe in duplicative medical trials 10 and that farther payment reform is needed to incorporate these costs.

Just off main street †summary Essay

In Just Off Main Street author Elmaz Abinader depicts the physical and social barrier between Americans and hyphen ingestd Americans such(prenominal) as Arab-Americans who live in dual sensitivity facing identity crisis, racism and other various problems living in America. In the first luck of the story Crossing The Threshold we learn of young Abinader, her family, their customs and how they are separated from the rest of the families in their town.In the second part of the story making A WriterAbinader explains how entering college changes her view on her identity that lead to the person she is today. Abinader grew up in a small Pennsylvanian town, her father and uncle ran three businesses finished which they served the neighborhood. From the store gate Abinader saw no difference between her father and the people on the streets.This idea soon changed when she met the two Barbie like girls in school, she cognise there was nothing in common between her and the other kids. Even thou gh they didnt know how her lifestyle was, they made fun of her. After she reaches scale she understands her life and that of her peers are separated by the magic door. Since its a Wednesday Abinaders mother prepared Arab delicacies which have hypnotic effect on her. The three boys and three girls of the Abinader family had after school duties, devotion to God, obedience to parents, and good school grades dominated the family.They gave little importance to interactions that took place outside the house. On holidays, relatives visited, they ate together, danced and enjoyed but Abinader knew that her life inside and outside the magic door would always clash, she would never be accepted by her peer and felt like an outcast. Abinader went to university of Pittsburgh when she grew up. That had nationality classrooms which delineated different cultures. The Syrian-Lebanese room, one she wanted to see was locked and required permission to access.When she finally got into it, the royal fur nishing and exoticness of the room made her feel proud. Soon she wrote about her heritage culture but she realized the Americans exoticized her. Focused on her writing, she wrote about her family and their history that was suppressed inside. Her writing was still inside the door.Outside the door she felt unwelcomed. Abinader didnt birth up and continued writing about the issues on identity, culture, etc. She participated in activism as a U.S citizen, marched, protested and created committees. Her writing made her feel like an activist as it conveyed her message more directly.

Fahrenheit 451 “Comparison” Essay

Ray Bradburys fresh, Fahrenheit 451, differentiates from the cinematic form of the unfermented directed by Franois Truffaut in numerous ways. Bradbury states, The ikon was a mixed blessing. It didnt follow the brisk as completely as it should have. Its a good movie it has a wonderful finish it has a great total by Bernard Hermann. Oskar Werner is wonderful in the lead. But Truffaut made the mistake of displace Julie Christie in two roles in the same film, which was very confusing, and he eliminated some of the other faces Clarisse McClellan and Faber the Philosopher and the Mechanical Hound.I mean, you providet do without those Other than the characters in the story, including the score and alternate ending of the film, the movie was superlative. The characters in the story have precise roles and by leaving them out/altering them from the movie hinders the characterization and the originality of Bradburys novel. The study alterations in Truffauts film deals with the charac ters and their significance to the novel and movie. A change in his film was getting rid of the Mechanical Hound. In the 1950s, Bradbury wrote the book in a futuristic perspective.Therefore, the Mechanical Hound could have been a little too high-tech for Truffauts 1960s film and the reasoning for it creation left wing out. However, Montag may have felt it necessary to have Mechanical Hound in the movie because it contri exclusivelyes to the futuristic look being portrayed in the novel. other character that was totally left out of the film was Faber the philosopher. In the novel, Faber was basically a physical conscious of Montags. Some may see how Faber could have been left out of the film due to the little impact that he would have created in the movie.Although, Bradbury would consider him essential for the cinematic version of Fahrenheit 451 because certain events in the novel, much(prenominal) as reciting the poems to Mildreds/Lindas friends, wouldve caused more trouble if M ontag didnt have Fabers voice in his ear through the green bullet. Bradburys main concern about the movie involved Julie Christie playing the roles of Linda and Clarisse McClellan. In the movie, Truffaut casted Julie Christie as two completely different individuals, who in the book were different base on their age and disposition.Truffaut possibly casted her in these two polar opposite roles to portray Montags feelings towards both of them. When Montag met these ladies, he saw that they were both energetic and lively, although, Linda had upset this trait after their marriage while Clarisse had still possessed it. Bradbury would find it necessary to cast two different ladies as these characters because of how opposite they were in their age, personality and style according to the book. While being interviewed, Bradbury mentions, Oskar Werner is wonderful in the lead.Werner did do Montag justice due to his impressive acting skills and his ability to play the role. Therefore, I can understand how Truffaut had casted these characters and the importance of the roles they play. Some of the positives things occurring in the movie were the effects of the film score and the alternate ending. Film score is original music written to specifically accompany a film. There is a distinct relationship between the mood and setting and the score of the movie.In the movie, whether it was a dramatic event or an action, such as the scene where the Salamander is racing to its destination, there is a soundtrack of sound effects or music that enhances the dramatic event or action. In the film, the ending didnt completely match up to the book as Bradbury thought it would have. In the book, Clarisse was not a part of the ending of the book at all, but was rather killed off in the beginning of the book. The alternate ending in the film showed Clarisse meeting up with the book people also and not being killed off at any time.I find this alternate ending a pleasure rather than Bradburys ending because I dont commemorate Clarisse, the young, beautiful lady who questioned everything and actually took time to stop and look at her surroundings, should have just ended at the beginning. I liked the fact that Truffaut allowed her character to continue onto the ending of the movie. The alternate ending and the effects of the film score contained in Truffauts film added up with the initial plot of Bradburys novel conclude in a magnificent dramatic story that many would find interesting.The cinematic version of Fahrenheit 451, directed by Franois Truffaut, and the written novel by Ray Bradbury are dissimilar in plenty of ways. Factors of the movie that Bradbury found enjoyable included the alternate ending, the great score, and Oskar Werner as Montag. Some aspects of the movie that he didnt find pleasure in were putting Julie Christie in two roles in the same film and the elimination of Clarisse McClellan, Faber, and the Mechanical Hound. Although Bradbury found heterogen eous flaws in the film, I can conclude that considering the time the film was created and the point of view of the director, the film was an enormous success.